Nokia Market Analysis

The roots of Nokia go back to the year 1865 with the establishment of a forestry industry enterprise in South-Western Finland by mining engineer Fredrick Idestam. While in the year 1898, witnessed the foundation of Finnish Rubber Works Ltd, and in 1912, Finnish Cable Works began operations. Gradually, the ownership of this two companies and Nokia began to shift into hands of just a few owners. Finally, these three companies were merged to form Nokia Corporation in 1967. [1] Nokia Corporation engages in the manufacture of mobile devices and mobile network equipment, as well as in the provision of related solutions and services worldwide. The company has four main business functions or segments: Mobile Phones, Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions, and Networks. The Mobile Phones segment provides various mobile voice and data devices. This segment offers mobile phones and devices based on GSM/EDGE, 3G/WCDMA, and CDMA cellular technologies. The Multimedia segment offers mobile devices and applications with multimedia connectivity over GSM, 3G/WCDMA, WLAM etc. Strategic Management of Nokia The External Analysis examines opportunities and threats that exist in the environment and I will be discussing the fallowing. . P. E. S. T Analysis 2. Porter’s Five Forces/Market Trends 3. Types of Market 1. P. E. S. T Analysis: PEST identifies the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that of which directly affect a company. In this case Nokia. Political – As markets are deregulated, both operators and manufacturers are free to act independently of government intervention. In Countries like India and China where Partial regulations exist, government intervention does take place. Economic – With incomes rising, people have more disposable income, which enables consumers to be more selective with their choice of mobile phone, looking to other factors rather than fulfilling the most basic of user needs (text messaging and phone calls) and price being such a key factor. Social – The rise of the so-called information society has made telecommunications increasingly more important to consumers, both in terms of work and leisure. Users are more aware of mobile phone handset choice and advancements due to increased information availability. Strategic Management of Nokia Technological – There have been much global advancement in technology such as MMS, Bluetooth, WAP, GSM, GPRS, cameras etc. The Asian markets are more technologically advanced than their European counterparts, for example in 2002, just 4% of phones had cameras, whereas in Asia 90% did. It uses concepts developed in Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces which determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. It consists of fallowing factors. Power of New Entrants:In any market arrival of a new product is not always welcomed. In mobiles world it’s not different a mobile phone or an online service is launched by Nokia it has as 50 percent chance of success. It’s like the launch of Nokia’s N95 Smartphone which was much appreciated by buyers then the launch of N96 Smartphone. Power of Buyers:Due to recent down fall in the economy, the demand of consumers buying new mobiles has come to a halt. Due to which companies everywhere are thinking of strategies to increase the demand of their products. Strategic Management of Nokia Threat of Substitute:There are substitute for everything out in the world. So goes for the mobile, and the services provided by Nokia but the problem lies in consumers switching to the substitute. The main reason is that most people don’t like to change to something new because they might find it hard to use or switch over. Power of Suppliers:If the suppliers change the price then company in this case Nokia has a direct impact on the pricing of their products. If there are more suppliers then it is easy to change from one to another if the first one is not able to provide the services a company needs. Competitive Rivalry:Business is good where there are competitors because it gives more chance to improve and go ahead of your rivals. Nokia keep their product catalogs up-to-date and keep looking for better technologies to update its mobile and services. 3. Types of Market : There are different types of markets on which a company makes strategies to fallow and consider before releasing products. Which are discussed as below. Monopoly:Nokia as a mobile manufacturer has dominated mobiles market with its high end N-series Smartphone to its low end mobiles. It was Nokia’s intentional strategy to keep ahead with the technology to keep customers interested in its products. Duopoly:It’s a market state when two companies dominate the market. In this market Nokia is challenging HUAWEI technologies in producing 3G technology dongles because at present time there is no other company in the world expect Huawei producing 3G dongles. Oligopoly:It’s a type of market where small numbers of companies in the market collude to take control of the market prices and products. In Nokia’s case it is colluding with Sony Ericsson and Samsung to make phones which use Nokia’s mobile operating system (Symbian S60). This eliminates the use of Window’s mobile operating system and newly introduced Google’s operating system Android. Perfect Competition:It’s a market where all Companies are on a same level. Nokia as a leading manufacturer still have Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, and LG give a tough competition with products ranging from every low end user to high end tech loving customer. Internal analysis : Strategic Management of Nokia â€Å"It’s a management technique developed by Bruce Henderson for Boston Consulting Group in 1970 for assessing the long-term viability or profitability of products and market sectors. Categories include cash cows, dogs, stars, problem child or a question mark companies. †[1] Problem Child/Question mark:When a new product is launched in a promising market but it has a low market share but got potential to be a Star then a Cash cow or if everything fails it could become a Dog. In Nokia’s case its latest product from N-series Smartphone N96 is struggling to get the market share like its predecessor N95 Smartphone. Cash Cow: When a certain product’s market matures and its demand slows but it has a large market share is known as Cash Cow. Nokia has many products that reached their maturity and died away in recent days its high end Smartphone N95 reached its market demand and is slowly dying away because new technology is introduced every day. Star:It’s a new product when launched has a high market response and its sales rise. Companies like Nokia are in a search of new products which can be turned into stars and they invest money in Problem Child and Dogs to turn them in to a Star and then hope to turn them in to Cash Cow. Dog:A Dog is a product new or old market shares and sales decline very fast. In mobile industry technology changes very drastically so even a Star with bad strategy and marketing can be turned in to a Dog just as easy Strategic Management of Nokia Core competencies are activities and process performed by a company to keep ahead of the market and its competitors. â€Å"Business professors Bateman and Snell offer this answer: Simply stated, core competence is something a company does especially well relative to its competitors. †[4] Competencies of a company are things that are hard to imitate like customer loyalty etc. These Core Competencies change from time to time. In today’s market where every company is in a lose Nokia is thinking of new ways to get an edge on its competitors by introducing new services and products that are harder to imitate and trying to give most for consumers money. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: 1. Nokia has largest network of distribution and selling as compared to other mobile phone company in the world. 2. The financial aspect is very strong in case of Nokia as it has many more profitable businesses. 3. The product being user friendly and have all the accessories one want. 4. Nokia with wide range of products for all classes. . The re-sell value of Nokia phones are high compared to other company’s product. Weakness: 1. Some of the products are not user friendly. 2. Some of the weakness includes the price of the product offered by the company. 3. Nokia does not like to adopt change very quickly. 4. The service canters in third world countries are very few. Opportunity: 1. Nokia is also thinking of moving from mobile manufacture to personal computer manufacture. 2. As the standard of living in third world countries has increased the purchasing power of the people has increased as well 3. Nokia has to target right customer at right time to gain the most out of the situation. Threats: 1. The threats like emerging of other mobile companies in the market. 2. The new mobile operating systems from Google and Microsoft. 3. The biggest threat is not adopting new technology and putting in good use. 9 Conclusion: After writing this article I came to a conclusion that in any business successful or a newly established if not managed well and cannot take advantage of its opportunities can come to its knees. So for a business to run successfully have to man age its Competitors and threats that may affect the performance of a business.

Successful Marketing Strategy of Haagen-Dazs

â€Å"If you love her, then take her to Hagen-Dads†, the advertisement is familiar to people all around the world. Hagen-Dads has successfully created value for its customers. Aimed to make itself the represent of top-class ice-creams, Hagen-Dads tried to make the feeling of satisfaction and happiness its selling point. And this orientation proved to work well. In 1981 , Times referred to Hagen as ‘Rolls-Royce among ice-creams'. While there are some modification actually, Hagen-Dads focuses more on young ladies who are thirsty for romantic love than noble people.On the en hand, women usually cannot resist the entice of sweet food and romantic feeling . An the other hand, the orientation builds an emotional tie between its product and the customer. It is not Just ice cream is actually part of their dream. Due to its market positioning, most of its consumers of are lovers. For them, they are pursuing more than Just delicious ice cream . Lovers desire intimacy, the feeling of being loved and understood, and special experiences . So Hagen-Dads make Its Ice cream the symbol of romantic and fancy. The packaging of its product is all-sided.Firstly, the name of the brand ‘Hagen-Dads' sounds to be Nordic ,which actually Is American. Secondly, the ice cream has a unique look and name which create a noble impression. What's more ,Hagen-Dads has done something that most companies failed to do. That Is ,to make ‘ the pursuing of romantic' the spirit and culture of the company. The connotation Hagen-Dads are trying to deliver has been developing all the time . From the original one â€Å"If you love her ,then take her Hagen-Dads† ,then In 2004,†melt slow',and the 2009 one â€Å"melt together†. Hagen-Dads tries to deliver this usage to the customers-?to foster love In the spirit level l.And that's exactly what the couples are looking for today. Among the brands that are trying to create a romantic tale, Hagen-Dads successful makes Itself to be the leading one . Let Is even Impossible for others to copy or Imitate. We can encounter It In every corner of our life ,such as movies ,novels and so on. Hagen-Dads has definitely been a symbol of romantic love. In a word ,the key to the success of Hagen-Dads Is that It Is â€Å"FACING† Its customers Instead of back to them. It tries to find out what the customers really want and then successfully create value for them.

Mysterious mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mysterious mythology - Essay Example According to the myth, the brave hero Marduk kills a human embodiment of Tiamat and builds a new Universe. "First, he splits Tiamat's fallen body into two parts. With one half of her body, he creates the visible heavens; the other half he secures in the Underworld with a bolt, so that her waters cannot escape" (Alford, 2005). Then, Marduk constructs Heaven and organizes new constellations. Thus, the main scenario is following : 'The Order struggled the Chaos and won the right to possess Unviverse". The personification of the Order is an immortal hero, who is able to construct as well as destruct, so on the ruins of Chaotic Universe he builds a new one, which follows his strict rules and fits his scheme. It is important to mention that the myth also refers to an archetype of rebirth, since the body of fallen Apsu-Tiamat was used to create a new universe. Egyptian creation myth has many similarities, even though it is geocentric and narrates about the 'old Earth' which turned to chaotic state, since it existed between death and living. The character of the Great God frees the Earth from its body - and takes up, to the skies. "At the same time, the proto-earth gathers itself together, rises up from the watery abyss, splits open, and ejects the primeval matter from which the sky-ocean, the stars, the Sun, and the Moon will be born. This is the myth of the separation of the heavens from the earth" (Alford, 2005). The separation is followed by creation of upper and underworlds, heaven and stars. That is to say, the myth is connected with cataclysm, and the creation provides an understanding that ancient Egyptians adored Sun and prayed for its 'rebirth' (sunrise) to the Great God daily. Furthermore, the myth reflects the belief of supernatural power of Moon (which changes its position and size), starts and the Nile River, which influenced agriculture a lot. All of these usual, frequent events of nature were a continuous reminder of the power of new beginning which follows the death. The embodiment of Chaos in Egyptian mythology is a 'proto-Earth' which was destructed by the new order and renewed by the constructive power of Highest Deity.Ancient Greeks worshipped the Sun, the Moon and Olympic gods who easily controlled natural powers. While the adoration of the Sun and the Moon is traditional for ancient religions, the adoration of a special Olymplic race of gods has great meaning for the whole system of religion. The Greek creation also starts with cataclysms, which follow one another as well as generations of the proto-gods, and new gods had been replacing older deities until the world was created. Olympian gods represented natural forces in Greek mythology and there were gods of light, darkness, fertility, life, death, who participated in the creation of mankind. Thus, in ancient Greeks as an agricultural civiliz ation, focused on the natural forces as the main determinants of creation. Furthermore, the element of 'Chaos vs. Order struggle' is presented in an idea of chaotically changing generations of gods and titans, who finally came to a certain consent and constructed our planet.To my view, these three myths explain global cataclysm, which lead

Analyzing short story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analyzing short story - Essay Example Doing the later helps to break the cycles that haunt them and their families, and forces them into a life which will be an escape from their difficult backgrounds. In relation to this, two short stories by Canadian writers namely An Ounce of Cure by Alice Munro and Cages by Guy Vanderhaeghe shall be analyzed. These two works are based on the theme if escape and the main characters do their best to ensure that they live a better life than their parents do. The setting is remarkably sober, and this helps to show that the writers intend for the stories to be serious matters and not to be taken lightly by the readers. In this paper, an analysis of Munro’s and Vanderhaeghe’s works shall be made based on the development of their characters, the conflicts which they face, and finally, the resolutions of these conflicts. These factors are set to determine whether the teenagers involved in these stories will become successful once they reach adulthood. It also shows the situatio ns which they have to undergo during this stage of their lives. In the end, it shall be determined whether the main characters featured in these stories succeed to achieve their dreams or they fail. In Munro’s An Ounce of Cure, the main character is a mature woman who looks at her past actions as a teenager. The story is related in the first person, and it reveals a person who has grown up and considers her actions as a teenager to have been foolish. It is a story of a young teenage girl who is hopelessly taken with a young man, Martin Collingwood, who shatters her heart. In an attempt to get rid of the pain which Martin has caused her, she indulges in alcohol, which gets her into trouble because her community frowns upon alcohol consumption. In Vanderhaeghe’s Cages, on the other hand, the main character is Billy, the younger son of a miner. His father would like for him and his brother to work hard so that they can avoid the life which he lives. Their father often thr eatens them with living a life in the cages, this referring to the elevator which takes miners down mine shafts. Vanderhaeghe also uses the term cage to refer to the different and difficult situations through which life puts people. One has to do their utmost to ensure that they escape otherwise; they risk getting trapped forever. This is what his father attempts to tell Billy and his brother, to encourage them to think further in life than he ever did. His dream is to have both his sons successful and not living the trapped life which he feels himself to be living. Throughout the story, we see Billy attempting to break out of the various cages in which he has been put. He does his best to ensure that he protects his elder brother from the thoughtless actions which he puts himself in. Billy covers up for the behavior of his older brother, often making excuses for his behavior. Moreover, within his family, he has to maintain the image of the smart son who never gets into trouble. His family has positive expectations of him, and he does his best to meet them. In the end, he comes to realize that he has been wrong to cover up for his brother’s actions and that it is high time for Gene to start taking responsibility. One can say that Billy has finally broken free of the cage and is now ready to face a new life, better than his father’s. The main character in An Ounce of Cure also undergoes a similar situation to Billy’s at home. She is portrayed as a terribly wild teenager whose mother has strong

Social Entrepreneurism Module Case Study Coursework

Social Entrepreneurism Module Case Study - Coursework Example Therefore, their goals are short term, and they are the beneficiaries in the business venture. Parallel to this, social entrepreneurs invest in long-term investments where the society is the immediate beneficiary (Dees, Emerson & Economy, 2002). John Mackey started a healthy grocery using funds from savings and family borrowing. The main goal of John Mackey in starting the business was to help people acquire healthy groceries to reduce increased health problems. Later on, the business merged with two other groceries to form the ‘whole foods’. John Mackey is a social entrepreneur because his business had a long-term business venture with the first priority to promote societys prosperity to the maximum. He also confessed that he wanted to create a business venture that would promote human well-being for the community at large. He spent six years in school learning business entrepreneurship. He dropped from school frequently to support his social entrepreneurship venture. There are several characteristics that I learned from John Mackey’s entrepreneurship skills. There are various skills that I would relate to John Mackey’s entrepreneurship skills. First, he is skilled in the field of entrepreneurship. John Mackey spent years in college mostly learning the fields that he was interested in most. These skills helped him fulfill his entrepreneurship goal. This shows the need for one to have entrepreneurship knowledge, which helps one to make the right business decisions. Second, Mackey was determined to see his business venture succeed. He used six years in college learning and entrepreneuring at the same time. This shows how much determination it takes for a social entrepreneur to be successful. Third, Mackey was strategic in making his business decisions. He saw the need for his business to merge with two other groceries in order for the business to be more stable and increase the customer numbers. Lastly, Mackey was passionate in providing

My role in this project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My role in this project - Essay Example arners acquire the language the language acquisition skills of the learners and how they the manner and ways in which they differ in terms of their optimisty optimism and attitudes towards learning a particular language. Teachers in different various fields, therefore, are required to possess a high degree of should awareness regarding such widespread individual differences which exists among the learners of learners’ individual differences in order to have a clear understanding of how to deal with different students with variable age and abilities in monolingual and multilingual classrooms. Learning style theme has been always an issue of second language acquisition. In our second project s, we dealt with learning style among of some a group of Arabic students. 20 of our participants were Saudi males and 6 Saudi females. My role in this project was divided into three parts. First, I was assigned to summarize an article by Angus Duff The titled of this article is (The Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory (RASI) and its Use in Management Education, 2004). As for the second part, Rasha and I were assigned to find participants and gather information from them. Since we did the survey online on (SurveyMonkey) Website, I sent the link of the survey to 20 of our participants. I know those participants and their educational background as well as to their current educational positions. The third part was analyzing the data. I tried my best to understand how the SPSS work. Adel and I persistently strived tried many time to analyze the data using the SPSS. Although, I encountered several obstacles during the process in achieving a perfect understanding of the mode of operation of the program, I At some point I stuck and could not perfectly understand how the program works but I got managed to get a general idea about it. This project helped me to get acquire some valuable knowledge regarding understanding of how the manner in which data are analyzed by either

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Motivation - Essay Example The company deals in gold jewellery, diamonds, silver and pearls. There are more than 14 outlets of all 3 categories. My role is of managing the business, staff and production decisions of Gold Mold Inc. (GM )The firm employs more than a hundred employees and I generally overlook the areas of staff problems and promotions, new designs and exhibitions for all these outlets. The most recent crisis occurred in the past few months where I had been designated to choose a new factory and retail site for our group of companies. The site in question which was nominated by the consultants would appear to have everything. It was close to a railway station, bus services are fairly good from the middle and west of the district and was a popular area for professional staff to live. We could have drained the land (a small water feature would be an attractive low cost possibility). It was a prestige site in what is a very desirable part of the district. The large number of golf sites and good green space within walking distance further add to the attractiveness of the site as a commercial centre. However the only problem was that the nature reserve itself had been declared a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) due to the presence of Great Crested Newts in some of the ponds and wetlands. There have been recent instances where development still pressed ahead despite the presence of these creatures but this resulted in delays & bad publicity due to strong opposition from environmental and wildlife groups. One representative of a bank involved in the group of development consultants and an ardent supporter of this site has put forward the idea, in confidence, that for a small sum it might be possible to â€Å"rid ourselves of the Newts†. This is certainly an attractive site and must not be ruled out. If the problems can be resolved relatively quickly and without too much cost building a Jewellery retail and factory

Chinese Coolie Labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chinese Coolie Labor - Essay Example es between the Chinese coolie trade and African slave trade was that the coolies were either deceived or kidnaped and then kept in detention centers that were as dangerous as the once used in the slave trade. The difference between the trades was that the Chinese government kept tabs on what was happening to the coolies that had been contracted in the Latin American region, USA, Canada. The coolies were also paid as per the contract agreement as opposed to African slaves (1). According to Hu-Dehart (1994), The coolies that went to Cuba most of them died due to mistreatment or the poor working conditions. Most of them did not out leave their contract that was mostly for around six years. The other difference between the Chinese Coolies and African slave trade is that whereas the African slaves got captured, the Chinese coolie went to work voluntarily due to factors like poverty and famine. The coolie trade is very different from the slave trade and cannot be considered as slave trade. This is because the two are very different. Below are some of the reasons that make the coolie trade different from the slave trade. They included: The coolie workers had a contract: according to According to Hu-Dehart (1994), the coolie workers had a contract of five years under the British and eight years in Cuba and Peru. The contract was between a free employee and an employer. The contract also spelled out the duties and obligations of the employees. It also included the wages and the other kind payment that the employer could receive like food clothing and housing (39). The coolies also had the right to buy out their contract at the end of their contract or when they reached the age of twenty-six years so long as they had the funds to buy out their contraction. In case of a slave, one remained so their whole life that is why it sis unfair to say that coolie trade was slavery since coolies had the right to regain their freedom at the end of the contract (44). The coolies

Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance and Accounting - Essay Example Joan expects each cashier to balance the drawer to the penny every time – no exceptions.I disagree. Joan should employ another employee to daily reconcile the amount in the cash register and cash in the drawer. Since, in our case, Joan expects cash to balance with no exceptions, the employee verifying the amount might overcharge some customers in case of any shortage. b. Joan caught an employee putting a case of 400 single-serving tea bags in her car. Not wanting to create a scene, Joan smiled and said, â€Å"I don’t think you’re putting those tea bags on the right shelf. Don’t they belong inside the coffee shop?† The employee returned the tea bags to the stockroom. I disagree. The employee is stealing from the stockroom which is an offense and Joan should have fired the employee or otherwise penalize the employee. Joan should install an inventory control that ensures stock is taken daily, and any shortage is would be easily detected. c. Jittery Coffee Shop has one cash register. Prior to Joan’s joining the coffee shop, each employee working on a shift would take a customer order, accept payment, and then prepare the order. Joan made one employee on each shift responsible for taking orders and accepting the customer’s payment. Other employees prepare the orders. I agree. Joan segregated duties among the employees. Segregation of duties is a strong internal control used by many companies. In our case, the employee taking orders is different from the one preparing the same orders. This ensures none or minimal cases of theft. Lasting Impressions Co. records all cash receipts based on its cash register tapes. Lasting Impressions Co. discovered during April 2012 that one of its sales clerks had stolen an undetermined amount of cash receipts when she took the daily deposits to the bank. The following data have been gathered for April: Theft should have been prevented by ensuring separation of duties. The Employee recording the cash receipt should be different from the person taking deposits to the bank. The company can also contract an independent party to be carrying out the reconciliation, as this will ensure easier detection of cash stolen. After a period of one month, the employee’s duties can be rotated. The company should be ensuring bank reconciliation is done frequently.

Investigative Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investigative Report - Essay Example Supermarket employees followed closely at 43%, retail employees at 35%, hospital employees at 33%, and manufacturing employees at 28% (Pedneault 16). As the world continues to experience social changes, it is likely that companies will experience more employee theft incidences as jobs increasingly become temporary and employees continue to change jobs or maintain multiple careers. As a manufacturing company, New York Rubber Company has experienced several cases of employee theft. In the first half of 2013 alone, at least 15 cases of employee theft have been recorded by the security department. The losses that the organization has incurred as a result of employee theft within the period totals at least $140,000. Going by the statistics, it is beyond doubt that employee theft is an issue that should be taken seriously. Employee thefts impact negatively on consumers and the operations of New York Rubber Company at large. In this respect, we need to understand what employee theft entails so as to be able to formulate better control and prevention measures. Employee theft is not only of interest to us as an activity that must be prevented or regulated, but because it also shows the state of health of the relationship between employees and employers. This report investigates employee theft in the workplace and its consequences. Finally, the report will investigate the causes and use evidence to suggest possible solutions to employee theft in an organization. Employee theft remains one of the major concerns for many companies today. Research indicates that employee theft is commonplace in many companies. Employee theft is an unethical act that employees should not engage in when working for any company or organization. According to the ethical code of conduct, employees are required to refrain from stealing from a company as noted by Barefoot (5).

Impacts of Tourism on National Parks (UK) Essay Example for Free

Impacts of Tourism on National Parks (UK) Essay National parks around the world are increasingly attracting visitors to experience pristine and unique natural environments. National Parks are extensive tracts of the countryside that have been given strong protection under legislation for the conservation and enhancement of their special qualities. According to the Environments Act (1995) National Parks were designated for two statutory purposes: 1- To conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage and 2- To provide opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the Park by the public. The National Park Authorities (NPA) are responsible for the overall management of National Parks their duty is to ensure that the two objectives of National Parks are fulfilled. TOURISM IMPACTS Tourism impacts are the effects that tourists and tourists activities have on a destination. We will be looking at three main types of impacts that tourism can have on a destination. They are environmental, socio-cultural as well as economic impacts. The word impact gives a negative meaning however tourism impacts can be both positive and negative on a destination. Environmental Impacts (physical – what can be seen) – It is not possible to develop tourism without incurring environmental impacts. Tourism development and activities (litter / pollution) can gradually destroy an environment’s resources. Many of these impacts involves the construction of infrastructure e.g. Creation of roads; hotels airports etc. Tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. Tourism can also raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. Economic Impacts – There is no doubt that tourism has a large effect on the  economy of a destination. Tourism contribute to sales, profits, employment opportunities for locals (transportations, accommodations), and generate income for payment of goods and services provided. Socio-Cultural Impacts – The outcome of social relationships that occur between tourists and hosts when in contact. Socio-cultural impacts can have an effect on a destination’s culture to the behaviour of its residents. It is considered to be the changes in the quality of life of residents of tourist destinations. Destinations involved in the tourism business experience socio-cultural changes as a result of tourism activity, an increase in tourist may cause locals to become irritated if they feel that their way of life is being threatened. E.g. Rich tourists who are accustomed to a certain way of life; their attitude towards the quality of service provided at a destination may cause the locals to feel threatened.

Geography And History In Primary School

Geography And History In Primary School This essay will show an understanding of the subjects geography and history and the links between them. It will then look at the implications of these links for both the teacher and school curriculum. My own examples from school and others experiences will be used throughout the essay to highlight the links and implications discussed. Turner-Bisset (2005) explains that history is a reconstruction of the past using evidence. She argues that evidence enables individuals to prove things, but if there is no evidence then individuals can hypothesise and use others understanding to form interpretations. Fines and Nichol (1997) define history as a process and teachers need to create activities whereby children can act as historians exploring both primary and secondary sources. Like with all National Curriculum (1999) subjects, history in key stages one and two is broken down into knowledge, skills and understanding. The Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) (1999) highlight that history is an important subject because it allows children to consider how the past affects the present world in which they live. Moreover, it enables children to look at how societies in the past were organised and what they were like. They argue through studying the past children begin to develop an awareness of chronology, diversity a nd how their actions can potentially affect others. When considering the subject of geography Scoffham (2004) highlights that geography involves making sense of the world, looking at how it is inter-related and the ways in which it may change. The DfEE (1999) in the Importance of Geography statement confirm that geography allows children to come across new cultures and places whilst developing problem-solving and investigative skills which will equip them for everyday life. Moreover, Scoffham (2004) points out that geography is a subject which promotes a sense of curiosity, but encourages children to develop a sense of responsibility about the world. The National Curriculum (1999) emphasises that in geography children should be taught to use geographical skills when developing their knowledge and understanding. Within the National Curriculum (1999) it is expected that children at key stages one and two acquire knowledge and understanding into places, patterns and processes, environment change and sustainable development. This is furth er emphasised by Catling and Willy (2009) who argues geography is a living and topical discipline (p.15) with a focus on both people and places. Martin (2002a) argues that despite geography and history being two distinct subjects in the National Curriculum (1999), it is useful to look at the subject statements in the National Curriculum (1999) because there are clear links between the two subjects. One such link she highlights is that history involves children finding evidence and drawing conclusions and similarly geography involves answering questions whilst looking at things from different viewpoints. Moreover, Knight (1993) argues that although geography and history can be viewed separately, they also share common ground because they are both human subjects and share many ways of working (p.102). Hoodless et al (2008) argue that children learn holistically and so cross-curricular learning has a positive impact on childrens learning. Similarly Hayes (2010) argues that cross-curricular teaching can improve childrens learning, however children need to be made aware of the links that exist between subjects. Kerry (2011) argues that cross-curricular teaching is important to provide children with the skills for living in a rapidly changing world. The idea of cross-curricular teaching and learning has been evident in recent reviews. Alexander (2009) in the Cambridge Primary Review suggests that a curriculum based upon eight domains of knowledge, skill and enquiry is advantageous. It is interesting to see that geography and history are grouped together as the Place and Time (p.272) domain. Martin (2002a) emphasises the connections between geography and history and confirms there are links between both subjects in terms of skills, knowledge and understanding, key concepts and values and attitudes which will now be explored further. During school experience I was able to explore the links between history and geography knowledge and understanding. In key stage two we looked at ancient Greece which is an expectation of the history National Curriculum (1999) which states children should undertake a European history study. Initially we looked at the geography of Greece which links to the knowledge and understanding of places 3.a/b/c in the geography National Curriculum (1999). We looked at photographs and maps of the islands, hilly terrain and coastal regions and used this geographical understanding to explain how these geographical features enabled city states to develop. It was vital that we looked at ancient Greece from a geographical perspective because this supported th e childrens historical understanding of the city states in ancient Greece. This is supported by Davies and Redmond (1998) who argue that history permeates other subjects and so it cannot be taught exclusively to children if they are to develop a full understanding of history. Catling (2006) argues that the connections between geography and history are deep and local area studies involve children developing a sense of place within the community whilst considering how the past has had an impact on what the area is like today. Moreover, she explains that when teachers plan local locality studies they should ensure there are elements of both subjects because geography incorporates a historical dimension and there is a geographical element of an areas past (p.14). Martin (2002a) points out that geography and history share similar skills and the skill of enquiry is relevant in both subjects. This is evident in the National Curriculum (1999) whereby both subjects have a section on enquiry; geographical enquiry 1.a/b/c/d/e and historical enquiry 4.a/b whereby children are required to ask and answer questions, use sources and make interpretations. As part of the humanities course I undertook a locality study of the local area and this incorporated the geographical and historical skill of enquiry. When planning the enquiry project I used enquiry questions, some focussing on the geographical aspect such as what is this place like today? but also historical questions including what was this place like inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦?. I carried out fieldwork which focussed on the present and used a range of sources such as directories to find out what it was like in the past. Similarly, Blyth and Krause (1999) suggest teachers can plan a range of enquiry questions which can be used in cross-curricular geography and history local locality studies. These questions incorporate a geography and history element because they focus on both the then and now. Moreover, Catling (2006) suggests that a local locality study not only links the geographical and historical skills of enquiry but enables links to be drawn between the values and attitudes of the subjects. Catling (2006) explains that a local locality study can enable children to develop the capacity to make informed judgements and the desire to contribute to a just society (p.14). The idea of attitudes and values is also considered by the DfEE (1999) who argue that history can promote education for sustainable development. They argue through studying history children develop an awareness of how past actions and events have affected society today and this links to a childs geographical awareness of sustainable development, because children need to develop values and attitudes to ensure the world is sustainable for future generations. Cooper (2000) points out that history can be integrated with the teaching of geography through carrying out map work which develops both historical understanding and map work skills. Similarly, Boulton (1991) argues that the past can be recreated through the use of maps and children should have the opportunity to explore old maps when learning about places. It is a National Curriculum (1999) expectation for geography that when developing geographical skills, children should have the opportunity to use maps and globes (geographical enquiry and skills 2.c). From my experience of undertaking the enquiry project I was able to look at maps of the area from a given time period and using map skills I was able to identify key features of the time and contrast this with present day maps to identify changes. Turner-Bisset (2005) supports this arguing that comparing a past map with a present day map allows children to examine change and continuity. Moreover, Turner-Bisset (2005) highlights that maps provide a wealth of opportunities for discovering things from the past. One such example she suggests is looking at the areas in which the Anglo-Saxons settled by examining place names on maps and recognising their Anglo-Saxon roots. Knight (1993) and Martin (2002a) argue that when integrating geography and history, there are links between the concepts of the subjects including change and continuity, similarity and difference and cause and effect. The concept of similarity and difference is further emphasised by Scoffham (2004). He points out that when working on local area study there should be opportunities for children to compare the locality with the past. He argues this enables children to develop an understanding of the ways in which it is similar and different and to offer reasons for changes. Apart from the concept of similarity and change being evident in a local area study, Martin (2002a) argues the concept of similarity and difference is further evident in both geography and history. She explains this concept is apparent in geography when comparing two localities (knowledge and understanding of places 2.f) and also in history when comparing historical periods, events and people (knowledge and understan ding of events, people and changes in the past 2.d). A further concept which Martin (2002a) highlights can be found in both subjects is the concept of hierarchy. I have seen teachers addressing the concept of hierarchy through looking at society during the Tudor period. However, Martin (2002a) points out that the concept of hierarchy is also applicable in geography when looking at places and their relationships with one another. Although there are opportunities for geography and history to be integrated there are implications that I must be aware of. Kerry (2011) argues that for cross-curricular work to be successful there needs to be meaningful links between the subjects in order to make the learning relevant for the children. Therefore, he argues that within a lesson there needs to be learning objectives which link to both subjects and opportunities for children to develop transferable skills. Hayes (2010) explains that this ensures that the links between the subjects are not superficial and are considered and planned to enhance learning in both subjects. On school experience when looking at Indian village within geography the teacher thought it would be worthwhile to look at the Indus Valley within history. This was a meaningful link because the children were made aware of the historical context of the country. Knight (2003) argues that integrating subjects can be demanding and teachers need to be secure in their own subject knowledge to be able to do this successfully, however he points out that humanities is an area teachers have less confidence in teaching. Similarly, Cooper (2000) argues that there needs to be opportunities within school for teachers to share their subject expertise with other teachers. However, from my experience no staff meetings have been allocated to either geography and history and when staff meetings focussed on curriculum areas, it was always English and mathematics which took priority. Moreover, Kinght (2003) highlights that a further problem when integrating subjects is there are not always resources available to support the learning, he argues this is the case when finding resources to support local area studies. The lack of resources available is further emphasised by Blyth and Krause (1995) who argue that because local areas are unique, schools have to creat e their own resources for local area studies. They argue this puts great pressure onto teachers, however they do acknowledge that once these resources has been created they can be shared in school. The implications of linking geography and history extend to the school curriculum. Turner-Bisset (2000) argues integration of subjects can be beneficial for schools when trying to deliver the overloaded National Curriculum (1999) and she argues this can be achieved through recognising connections between subjects and drawing upon these links in teaching. On my first school experience the subjects were not taught in a cross-curricular way and each subject had an allocated time slot. Despite efforts to address all subjects, some foundation subjects were not taught due to lack of time. In contrast, my final school placement adopted a cross-curricular approach which meant humanities was covered on a weekly basis ensuring continuity in the childrens learning whilst allowing the children to view the geography and history in a relevant way. Knight (1993) states that Successful integration is a whole-school, not a one-teacher, affair (p.106) whereby there should be organisation and cohesion within the humanities curriculum. OHara and OHara (2005) argue this can be achieved through effective planning which involves a whole school approach to looking at curriculum content that needs to be covered. They highlight that when long term planning is undertaken, usually by the subject co-ordinator, cross-curricular links should be considered and planned for and there needs to be explicit reference to these links in the long term plans. Halocha (1998) argues that geography and history co-ordinators should take an active role exploring how their subject can be integrated with other subjects. He argues this then needs to be made available in long term plans which not only detail cross-curricular links but also the progression in terms of childrens learning. Halocha (1998) argues that it is the responsibility of the geography/history co-ordinator to explore how their subject can be integrated with other subjects and include this in long term plans. From my experience, the use of long term plans ensure there is continuity between key stages whereby all teachers in the school know what they are expected to cover in their subsequent short term plans Furthermore, Scoffham (2004) argues that long term planning is important and other subjects including history, whilst ensuring a balanced curriculum is delivered. because it allows teachers to recognise the links between geography and history in terms of the QCA schemes of work. He argues that careful consideration needs to be given to the specific units which could enhance learning in both geography and history. However, from my experience these links cannot be identified spontaneously, they need careful planning in order for the integration of subjects to work well. This worked well in school when a whole school curriculum map

Creation of a Business School and Curriculum

Creation of a Business School and Curriculum Introduction: With the increased importance and influence of environmental issues in the business world, it is imperative to find out those issues which are important in both business school curricula and textbooks. It is also anticipating that business students are fairly knowledgeable about these issues. It has been seen that business school students have a limited working knowledge of the environment (Barnes Ferry 1992). But, environmental issues are not covered in the majority of the business strategy, international management, marketing, and strategic management textbooks. The world is marked by a progressively more rapid rate of change. Academic institutions are among those institutions in society, which are least prepared to respond quickly to changes (Barnes Ferry 1992). Acclimatizing to new developments and shifting to new areas of inquiry do not come easily for these institutions (Barnes Ferry 1992). The objective behind developing the post-graduate curricula is not only to improve the academic level of the students but also to improve the knowledge of business and corporate professionals, but unfortunately, the management courses provided by the various universities not include the practical knowledge (Barnes Ferry 1992). Developing Post-Graduate Studies in Strategic Management The aim of any business school should be to develop the course, which creates the synergy between academic as well as business world. The objective of the business school should be to develop higher education of excellence (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). The courses designed should be based on the practical knowledge of the student and the textbooks should include the corporate and business case study, so that the management students learn about the present scenario in the corporate world. The course must include special knowledge and technical skills. The business schools should develop their rules and regulations for selecting the applicants like there should be rigid standards of qualification for the entrance of new students. The ICFAI business school will be opened in the United States and its masters program would include the courses like MBA, on-line MBA, Post graduation in Strategic management, executive MBA and Business school MBA. The Masters is an academic degree conferred by a business school or university for those who complete two year of prescribed study after the bachelors degree (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). It recognizes the expertise in an academic discipline or professional field of study, which is gained through intensive course work and through a comprehensive examination. Whereas the curriculum of these courses would include corporate education, corporate training, practical real case studies of the organization, long learning cases and regional business associations. Introducing a new master’s program Post graduation in strategic management program is primarily for commerce and arts graduates who are seeking practical and professional specialization in management as well as in corporate world. It’s also appropriate for professionals with a background in related disciplines who are working in the companies as the middle managers. In present years, the demand for educational courses in management has expanded rapidly (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). This has led to a huge demand for the professionals like marketing executives, finance executives, HR executives, etc. The new master’s program of ICFAI business school will emphasize on building the student’s technical background. Its key objectives is that on completion of this course, the candidates will have considerable expertise in key areas of marketing, corporate planning and international marketing (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). The program will help the students to apply the acquired techniques and knowledge to develop and implement awareness in organizations. This would help the management students to analyze and examine different projects to meet current and future needs of an organization (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). The program has numerous unique features: The students will comprehend global and domestic economic theories and their application to the business setting. The students will understand the strategic theories, the formulation and implementation of strategy. It will promote the use of industry standards (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The half of the program focuses on highly specialized topics such as distributed systems, marketing, international business, and human resource, etc. It includes a compulsory project where students have to attend three to four week projects. The management students will be able to identify customer needs and participate in the process of developing products and services to meet these needs (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The students would be explained about the importance of SWOT analysis, Environment scanning. The students will understand the importance of internal and external appraisal of industry. Students would be able to expand their insight and skills in developing the project management, enterprises and entrepreneurial activities (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The students will have an appreciation of the political, environmental, legal and regulatory setting of the organization. The masters program of the business school would emphasize on the corporate education and training of the students. The students would be acknowledged with the day to day problems that the companies are facing (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The business school would emphasize on the live case studies, so that the students learn about the difficult ties that are faced by the organization. The ICFAI business school will stress on giving the practical knowledge to the students rather than filling their minds with theoretical knowledge (Mathew 2005). The business schools would have links with the various universities and the corporate in order to provide better project training to the students (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The institution would emphasize on the 100% placement of the students. Corporative Universities belong to the enterprise that requires permanent and efficient human resources. It is said that at the end of the present decade, the corporative universities will go beyond in number as compared to the traditional universities (Guadilla 2004). If the corporative universities will grow enduringly, the traditional universities would decrease. The learning modes of the corporative universities are continuously incorporating the modality of distance teaching. The business school would also look forward for the corporate training of the students. Corporate training is a training solution that provides real knowledge of business. Training would help to build the right skill levels amongst the students, which in turn will support them in handling the various projects. Tuition fee for the students is determined at the beginning of an academic year. Tuition fee can be paid at once or in installments. The mode of paying will be regulated at the time of admission (Mathew 2005). Structure of the strategic management course The ICFAI business school programme delivers 40 Master level credits each year. Each section is awarded 10 credits. The range of unit or section varies between the first and second year as well as according to the knowledge and experience of the students. The modules for the first year include: Marketing and Strategic Management I. For the Second year, the modules include: Strategic Human Resource Management, Corporate strategic planning and Dissertation. Contents: The strategic Management contents would include introduction to strategic management; corporate governance and social responsibility; Environmental scanning and Industry analysis; strategy formulation; strategy implementation; Strategic issues in entrepreneurial ventures and businesses. Faculty: The faculty of ICFAI business school will include: Josep Arno, faculty for HR; Michael Bashshur, faculty for Organization Behavior; Xavier Calsamiglia, faculty for economics; Lluà ­s Mosella Ximà ©nez, faculty for business environment; Bernard Retali, faculty for Corporate strategy; Oscar Gutierrez, faculty for finance, etc (MBA faculty 2008). Evaluation: The students in ICFAI business school would be timely evaluated. They would be given proper feedback about the paper, by the faculty members. There would be a special room for evaluating the students’ performance. Regional Implementation strategy Before starting the master’s programme, it is important to evaluate the regional atmosphere of the place. Local strategies mainly focus on the home-market and implement a policy that is more responding to local needs, values and demands. This usually happens on a regional basis like Western European countries or Northern part of Europe. In the US, the University of Chile and the University of Southern Indiana is one of the oldest universities. In Latin America, University of Chile is the most impressive institution. The students in the United States would first prefer these institutes. It is very important that the ICFAI business school provides the extra curricular programmes so that the students prefer it. The Business school has to develop its own strategy to survive in the market. The ICFAI business school has to select the top faculties like Samuel Hollander, Tikva Frymer-Kensky, etc. As far as the glocal view is concerned, it refers to the individual, group, division, unit, organization and community which is willing and is able to think globally and act locally. It is important to plan and implement the global strategy to launch itself in international market. Global strategy is based on a strategy that entails a long-range planning that is designed to achieve desired goals. For business, strategy involves an incorporated and coordinated set of commitments and actions to increase competitive advantages and to obtain the targeted returns. To develop internationally, I would like to develop the branches of business school in the other countries. I would make the proper use of distribution channels. Comparative Analysis of various MBA institutions Every MBA institution has its own courses and curriculum. The curricula differentiate on the basis of the number of subjects, number of projects and the exams criteria, as many institutes have the semester or module system and some have the yearly system. Some of the universities like Ben-Gurion University of Israel provide the courses like Humanities and Social Sciences, natural Sciences, engineering Sciences, health Sciences, management, etc. It emphasizes on the various student development programmes whereas the University of Deusto is one of the most well-known and prestigious academic institutions in Spain, which has campuses both in Bilbao and San Sebastià ¡n (University of Deusto 2008). The Business College of this University was founded in the year 1916 and it was the first college for nearly 50 years in Spain. It became the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration in the year 1973. These universities differ on the basis of the services and education provided by the institutions. Both of the universities are the prestigious as well as renowned institution. The selection of the institutes sometimes depends on the needs and demand of the student. Review of International MBA’s In the present scenario, the area of management is receiving a large amount of attention because the organization and the environment are becoming more and more complex (Barnes Ferry 1992). The globalization process has caused the dispersion of international management. Such a process of transmission may be contributing to an increasing homogeneity of managerial practice around the world but significant differences will still remain. The importance of MBA programmes has resulted in diverse systems and intended to guide prospective students in their choice. International accreditation provides the independent way to judge the quality of degrees, and is also honored by three global bodies (Wiggett 2008). These are the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB); the Association of MBAs (AMBA) and European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS). Grading the institutes also helps in choosing a university or business school but it is very different from accreditation (Wiggett 2008). According to the Boston Universitys School of Management, it has been seen that business schools are years behind the corporate practices. The students are not provided with any kind of practical knowledge. These universities include business and society textbooks and a number of business law textbooks which deal with environmental issues (Barnes Ferry 1992).

lord of the flies :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies What could be more perfect, than a group of kids alone on a tropical island? Where there are no adults or rules to live by. This would seem to be any child’s dream. This is the setting for William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies. In this novel a group of British boys get stranded on an island, with no sign of people around them except for themselves. At first the boys are prepared have fun and good times. It isn’t long until reality sets in. There are many things to be done. Out of the excitement two boys, Ralph and Jack, emerge as potential leaders. Ralph, who is the more levelheaded of the two, represents the civilized side of human nature. But Jack, who loves adventure and excitement, represents the savage side of human nature. What side of human nature will the boys choose, a civilized society or a savage one?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ralph is a tall and fair-haired boy about twelve years old. Because of his looks athletic abilities, the boys think of him as a natural leader. Jack in the other hand is a bully, who likes to intimate the other boys. Jack is the only one that carries a knife and enjoys using it, when attempting to kill the piglet. Jack is always competing with Ralph for control over the boys. Both boys recognize the need for order on the island. Ralph tries to form a more orderly way of living, by using the knoch as a way to keep order. Any one who had something to say had to wait to get the knoch. In contrast to what Ralph was tiring to do, Jack and his choirboys would enforce the rules buy beating up anyone who disobeyed. Because of their different ideas and principles, the two boys drift apart. Ralph who is more responsible wants the boys to start making shelters for them to live in. In contract Jack’s only concern is to hunt and catch the wild pig. As the novel progress es Ralph continues to try and civilize the boys. As time goes by all Jack is concerned about is the thrill of the hunt. As Jack’s obsession with hunting grows, he dives deeper and deeper into the savage side of human nature. When Jack begins to paint his face with clay. He sees his reflection in the water and he is surprise by the his appetence.

Free Handmaids Tale Essays: Offred :: Handmaids Tale Essays

Offred of The Handmaids Tale I have decided to analyze the main character Offred because she seams to feel trapped in this new society. She speaks very openly about the situation thats she's in and plays her actions very well. I will do an overall analysis of her actions. Offred is a very strange character. She follows the new rules of her society unlike her rebellious friend Moira. But you can also tell that Offred misses her family very much and she always goes back in her head to remember the past. "Our happiness is part memory. What I remember is Luke, with me in the hospital, standing beside my head, holding my hand....." (Atwood pg.126) But Offred has replaced Luke in this new world with Nick who will be the next man standing beside her bedside. There are also times when Offred acts as if she wants to forget who she really is or was. "But thats where I am, there's no escaping it. time's a trap, I'm caught in it. I must forget about my secret name and all ways back. My name is Offred now, and here is where I live.... I am thirty- three years old. I have brown hair. I stand five seven without shoes. I have trouble remembering what I use to look like. I viable ovaries. I have one more chance." Here it seams as if all Offred values is her ovaries because thats what everyone else values and now she feels as if thats her only way to survive through this society. (Atwood pg.143) Now that Offred has this relationship with the Commander and Nick at the same same time. She feels as if she has power in the sense that she's the only one that knows whats going on with the Commander. She loves having something over Serena Joy. "The fact is that I'm his mistress. Men at the top have always had mistresses, why should things be any different now ?.... Sometimes I think she knows.... and is laughing at me as I laugh, from time to time and with irony, at myself." She sees this as a joke to the whole center. But this gives her something to look forward to. She enjoys his company and she loves the fact that she has this secret which no one else knows about. "But even so, and stupidly enough, I'm happier than I was before. Free Handmaid's Tale Essays: Offred :: Handmaid's Tale Essays Offred of The Handmaids Tale I have decided to analyze the main character Offred because she seams to feel trapped in this new society. She speaks very openly about the situation thats she's in and plays her actions very well. I will do an overall analysis of her actions. Offred is a very strange character. She follows the new rules of her society unlike her rebellious friend Moira. But you can also tell that Offred misses her family very much and she always goes back in her head to remember the past. "Our happiness is part memory. What I remember is Luke, with me in the hospital, standing beside my head, holding my hand....." (Atwood pg.126) But Offred has replaced Luke in this new world with Nick who will be the next man standing beside her bedside. There are also times when Offred acts as if she wants to forget who she really is or was. "But thats where I am, there's no escaping it. time's a trap, I'm caught in it. I must forget about my secret name and all ways back. My name is Offred now, and here is where I live.... I am thirty- three years old. I have brown hair. I stand five seven without shoes. I have trouble remembering what I use to look like. I viable ovaries. I have one more chance." Here it seams as if all Offred values is her ovaries because thats what everyone else values and now she feels as if thats her only way to survive through this society. (Atwood pg.143) Now that Offred has this relationship with the Commander and Nick at the same same time. She feels as if she has power in the sense that she's the only one that knows whats going on with the Commander. She loves having something over Serena Joy. "The fact is that I'm his mistress. Men at the top have always had mistresses, why should things be any different now ?.... Sometimes I think she knows.... and is laughing at me as I laugh, from time to time and with irony, at myself." She sees this as a joke to the whole center. But this gives her something to look forward to. She enjoys his company and she loves the fact that she has this secret which no one else knows about. "But even so, and stupidly enough, I'm happier than I was before.

Life of Thomas Jefferson :: essays research papers fc

Thomas Jefferson was drafted to write the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Soon after, in 1779, Thomas was elected governor, which he served for two years. He suffered an inquiry into his conduct during his last year in office that although finally fully repudiated, left him with a life long pricklishness in the face of criticism. In 1784, he re-entered public services. First as a trades commissioner and then as Benjamin Franklin’s successor as a minister. In 1790, he accepted the post of secretary of the state. Then, in 1796, as a presidential candidate of the Republicans, he became vice president after losing to John Adams by three votes. Four years later, in the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson and another Republican, Aaron Burr won the majority of the votes. They each had 73 votes. The House of Representatives were to vote because of this extraordinary tie. They voted thirty five times, each time, it was the same thing, a tie between Jefferson and Burr. Finally, after a long day of stressful decisions and arguing, one man named James Bayard broke the tie and voted for Thomas Jefferson. He became the third president of our proud United States. Also he became the first peaceful transfer of power. Jefferson, with the help of the congress, reshaped the government into Republican goals. Republicans believed that strength of a nation depended on liberty and land ownership. So Jefferson, with a great deal of trading, offerings, arguing, and purchasing, finally made what is called The Louisiana Purchase. In 1806, Jefferson began building another house in a popular forest. Through 1807 to 1824, remodeling Monticello was in the process Life of Thomas Jefferson :: essays research papers fc Thomas Jefferson was drafted to write the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Soon after, in 1779, Thomas was elected governor, which he served for two years. He suffered an inquiry into his conduct during his last year in office that although finally fully repudiated, left him with a life long pricklishness in the face of criticism. In 1784, he re-entered public services. First as a trades commissioner and then as Benjamin Franklin’s successor as a minister. In 1790, he accepted the post of secretary of the state. Then, in 1796, as a presidential candidate of the Republicans, he became vice president after losing to John Adams by three votes. Four years later, in the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson and another Republican, Aaron Burr won the majority of the votes. They each had 73 votes. The House of Representatives were to vote because of this extraordinary tie. They voted thirty five times, each time, it was the same thing, a tie between Jefferson and Burr. Finally, after a long day of stressful decisions and arguing, one man named James Bayard broke the tie and voted for Thomas Jefferson. He became the third president of our proud United States. Also he became the first peaceful transfer of power. Jefferson, with the help of the congress, reshaped the government into Republican goals. Republicans believed that strength of a nation depended on liberty and land ownership. So Jefferson, with a great deal of trading, offerings, arguing, and purchasing, finally made what is called The Louisiana Purchase. In 1806, Jefferson began building another house in a popular forest. Through 1807 to 1824, remodeling Monticello was in the process

Explain the Concept of Ideals in Plato’s Writings Essay

â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living† according to Plato. He argued that we should always pursue knowledge and ask questions to do this. A key part of Plato’s philosophy is epistemology – his theory of how we know things. His concept of Ideals, also known as Forms, is Plato’s explanation of how true knowledge can be sought. Plato understood that there are concepts that we can all recognise in various things, for example the concept of beauty. We all recognise beauty in art, nature, people, or music, and we all understand the idea when we hear the word used. Although we can all recognise beauty, our opinions of what classes as beautiful are widely varied and subjective. The conclusions Plato drew from this is that beauty must exist, otherwise we would not know it at all. This is the Perfect Form of Beauty. However, we must have only partial knowledge of it or we would not have subjective opinions. Forms are absolute versions of concepts and ideas. They are perfect ideas of everything and therefore they do not change – perfect things cannot change for the better and would not change for the worse. They are also eternal as to begin or to stop existing is a change. They cannot live in this world as it is constantly changing and forms are unchangeable, so they can only exist in the Realm of the Forms. The form of Beauty is absolute and true; it is not an opinion but an idea or concept, therefore no-one can know the real meaning of Beauty as it cannot exist in this world and it is eternal. We will never know forms fully as we are imperfect. Forms give us knowledge and allow us to have some understanding of the truth. Although, we know that we do not know them fully as we can form our own opinions on things, e.g. what is beautiful and what is not. Forms are in the Realm of the Forms, we can recognise them as this is where our soul originates from, however because they come from there and not from where we are, we do not know them fully. Also as they are perfect we cannot understand them fully. In the Realm of the Forms there are Ideals of everything we have a concept of such as Beauty, Justice, Truth, and the Form of the Good. The Form of the Good is the highest of the forms and is the foundation and essence of everything. The Form of The Good represents Plato’s idea of goodness and is what you should most want. For Plato this was eudaimonia, living a good and fulfilled life. All other forms such as beauty, justice or truth are part of eudaimonia and so part of Good. The Form of the Good is therefore the most important Form as it gives us full and true knowledge of what we should pursue. It is our ultimate goal and the source of all truth and goodness. In this way, it has influenced the development of the Christian idea of God. Plato uses the Cave Allegory to present his ideas about Forms. He does this by using symbolism, by representing the Forms as objects outside of the cave. He then represents the Form of the Good as the sun; the sun shines light onto the objects outside, allowing us to see them. The light represents knowledge and the objects represent Forms – the Sun shows us the Forms and gives us knowledge. The prisoner’s journey illustrates Plato’s concept of Ideals or Forms – they provide truth but must be pursued individually and by looking away from things that keep us ignorant.

Capillary Refills

Capillary refill is used for patient’s assessment. This method has been performed since the early days of nursing. Some studies show that the method is not full proof or accurate of the patient status. While other research claims validity to this test. Capillary refill is performed on the patient nail that is free of polish. The finger nails and toe nails could be used for this assessment. The nail is lightly compressed and released, it blanches and it is measured when the color comes back to normal.The measurement is done in seconds if it is less than 3 seconds the patient’s circulation is with in normal limits, if it exceeds three seconds than further assessment is necessary to diagnose the problem (Nursing). The patient could be suffering from dehydration, peripheral vascular disease, hypothermia and shock Capillary refill is primarily used in assessment of pediatrics patient. When combining the lack of capillary refill the dry mucous membrane it could lead to diagno se of dehydration.It is in concurrence with skin assessment to the hand that appears cold to touch; the infant is diagnosed with dehydration. In conjunction with infant when an adult is tested and results are abnormal further inquires is mandated. Anorexics individuals who lack the ingestion of electrolyte feel cold to touch. They may have brittle nails, poor circulation and longer than normal capillary refills.These individuals’ electrolyte counts need to be closely monitored because it could lead to poor circulation, dysrhythmias and many other medical problems ( Dufault). It is important when assessing the patient to include the capillary refills, and closely monitor patient who seem abnormal. References: http://nursing411. org/courses/md0531 . Extracted 10/31/12. Dufault M. , Davis, B. , Garman D. , Hehl R. , Henry J. , Lavin M. , Mullany J. , Stout P. (2008). Translating Best Practice in Assessing Capillary Refill. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing.

Apple’s After-Sales Service Essay

Apple call center: Apple call center has 20000 telephones, is the world’s largest call center, the incoming calls are more than 1800000 every day and the numbers are increasing. It can be seen Apple’s after-sales service is also one of his strengths Customer Loyalty At a very general level, loyalty is something that consumers may exhibit to brands, services, stores, product categories, and activities. There are two advantages of customer loyalty programs. One is to increase sales revenues by raising purchase levels, and increasing the range of products bought from the supplier. The other is more defensive –– by building a closer bond between the brand and current customers it is hoped to maintain the current customer base. While loyalty programs can have many other peripheral goals – such as furthering cross-selling, creating databases, aiding trade relations, assisting brand PRï ¼Ë†public relationsï ¼â€°, establishing alliances, etc. Apple is a fantastic example of leveraging customer loyalty pillars, but the most important takeaway is that it is relevant to their customers. They know who their customers are, what they want and how to make them feel like Apple understands them. You can’t just try to mimic Apple- you need to know what pillars are important to your own customers in order to generate loyalty. Brand Image Speaking of apple’s brand image, I must mention Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs is a very important person for Apple and for all the stock holders as it means billions in stock price for them Shareholder requests for more CSRï ¼Ë†Corporation Social Responsibilityï ¼â€°Apple goes green Corporate adaptability. Although he died, but people still worship him. Apple has a strong brand image, which enables it to command a premium price for its products and gives it an edge over regional as well as global competitors. The Apple brand is well recognized amongst most consumers. Apple’s products enjoy a high level of brand awareness and brand recognition throughout all its markets. Moreover, the company’s brand ranking, as per Interbrand, has been improving in recent years. Apple’s brand value jumped 84 percent to $153.3 billion in 2011, mostly due to the iPad’s wild popularity and the iPhone’s continued growth. Apple leverages its brand image to differentiate its product offering and drive sales. The company’s strong brand enables it to command a premium pricing and create significant demand for its products such as iMac, iPod, iPhone and iPad. For instance, the company sold 300,000 iPads on the first day of its launch in the US in April 2010. Strong brand image gives the company an edge over regional competitors and other global competitors such as Sony.

Conservative Party From 1951 To 1964 Essay

1) Labour failed to modernise its policies to a move affluent Britain and the party was constantly divided 2) The parliamentary party was split between the Left and Right: left-wing Bevan’s wanted an expansion of the public sector & hostile to Gaitskell, who did not 3) Gaitskell became leader after Wilson and agreed on a social democracy rather than a socialist one, but failed to remove Clause IV in 1961 Labour weakness enabled the Conservatives to avoid the electoral consequences of their mistakes, partially 1) Suez 1956 2) Resignation of Eden Conclusion The Labour party was dominating in votes up to 1950, however that year the difference between Labour and Conservative parties was very neglectful. There are several factors that might have contributed to Labours loss of power in 1951. The Labour government was associated with the period of austerity when people had to overcome rationing and devaluation. Additionally, many key members of the Cabinet were exhausted or unwell. Moreover, they were split internally and the event with Gaitskell that led to Bevan’s resignation in 1951, undermined the cohesion of the government. In comparison to them, the conservative party seemed to be more convincing at that period. The reign of Conservatives began in 1951 and lasted for 13 years, when Winston Churchill ran his campaign for election, and eventually, won. Here were several reasons that guaranteed his success: he agreed to maintain the post-war consensus that kept full employment under Keynesian policy and allowed to enlarge the system of social services. Moreover, Churchill’s second election victory was partially due to the gratitude of British public for being a good wartime leader. Another point is that, Conservatives reorganised the system of internal work and its campaign that was oriented toward gaining of additional votes. Also, they brought young and bright members into the government that made them stand out against old Labour government. The policy proposed by Churchill’s government was Keynesian and it guaranteed full employment due to the increased financing of projects by government and decreased taxation that led to increase of import. Additionally, growing industry, build of housing and development of welfare services guaranteed growing employment and high consumer demand; women found it easy to find a job that gave families at least 2 incomes. One of the important factors was that Conservatives finalised the austerity: rationing and licensing came to an end. However, there were some difficulties, too. Development of industry and services required more people, which resulted in immigration of low-cost workforce from colonies of GB. Consequently, up to 1962 the number of immigrants from India and African countries was about 200 000, that led to Commonwealth Immigration Act. Moreover, depressed areas continued to have the level of  unemployment above average that suggested costly measures to create intensives for workers, such as low interest loans, tax breaks and housing for key workers. But those measures could not guarantee safe functioning during difficult periods, for instance, firms closed as soon as recessi ons started. Winston Churchill was a prime-minister during 1951- 1955, even though he was very old and due to health issues was no longer dynamic. And this period is considered to be successful despite the fact that recovery of British economy was moving at a slow pace than one of Europe or USA. In 1955 the parliament was under direction of Anthony Eden, who worked close to Churchill and coordinated the work of government during his absence. He inherited good economic and political conditions, and it was hard to imagine that in 2 years he would resign in disgrace because of foreign affair matter, the very field area of government where his talent was praised for. His fiasco was caused by the Suez Canal seizure made by Gamal Abdel Nasser that was a strategically important point controlled by Britain since 1875. An attempt to intervene in Egypt with military force in secrete coalition with France and Israel was not supported by US government and would cause heavy pressure and withdrawal of its financial help from British economy. That event was humiliating failure of British foreign policy; and the secret collusion with France and Israel created a bad image for Eden. Harold Macmillan was a prime- minister from 1957 to 1964 and he followed the strategies of his fellow members. He implemented the Butler’s theory to operate a mixed economy and the policy of Keynesianism. The aims of these policies were to avoid extreme inflation and deflation by a series of government adjustments. If inflation rose too quickly, the government introduced measures to slow it down. These measures included, raising interest rates to prevent borrowing and increasing import controls to limit purchases from abroad, with the intent of reducing the trade gap. Alternatively, if demand was low, the Chancellor of the Exchequer at the time would introduce ‘a giveaway’ budget whereby taxes and interest rates were lowered. The Conservatives maintained these economic policies from 1957 right up until 1964. The ‘give away’ budgets were criticised however, as they were said to be attempts to ‘buy votes’. Macmillan also introduced the policy of stop-go, which resulted in stagflation due to Britain’s lack of economic strategy. That indicated the failure of governments to develop  policies that encouraged a constantly performing economy. The policy of stop-go was about intervening of government when consumption rose too quickly. Despite any criticisms, Macmillan (also named as Supermac) created an image of full confidence in this policy and that reflected in increase of his popularity and general public approval. As the result, quality of life improved and people were able to buy luxuries. Macmillan had many qualities that gained him respect: he was decisive, portrayed his confidence through media and delivered on promises. He pulled out of the Suez affair as he knew Britain was not going the way Eden wanted to see. He promised to build 300,000 houses per year: in 1953 the number of new houses achieved 327,000 and in 1954 – 354,000. Finally, Macmillan got rid of the British Empire which saved enormous amounts of money. Though Britain was criticised for doing this, as they were said to be abandoning their empire, ultimately it was the right thing to do as too many extreme promises were made and Macmillan knew t hese could not be kept without risking the welfare of Britain themselves. Also, the empire wanted freedom and therefore it was impossible for Britain to ‘abandon’ them; they were just providing their colonies with the freedom they craved. In 1964 the last prime-minister to hold office while being the member of House of Lords. After becoming a lord he was criticized by Labour Party as an aristocrat, who cannot understand the needs and problems of ordinary families; and he had an image of rather stiffly person by contrast with the Labour leader, Harold Wilson. In conclusion, one might say that the period of 1951-64 was a great success for British economy when it came revived and more industrialized after the 2nd World War. It gave a start for new vision and policy that improved the face of the country with time.

Contract Administration and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contract Administration and Management - Essay Example Furthermore, the federal act assists my small business by managing the certificate of competency program. The federal government gives some preference to certain small businesses when awarding government contracts. Since my business is unique in that not many businesses are of this nature or type, my business will be given preference. The federal act provides for affirmative action program where small businesses like mine are considered when awarding contracts. Organizational Chart I will be the general manager of my business. Since I cannot run the business alone, there are other persons. These are the internal contracting officer, the secretary, the chief engineer and the chief accountant. My work as the general manager is to oversee the smooth running of the business and to authorize big capital expenditures and projects. In addition, my work will also include strategic planning. For the secretary, her work will involve receiving business inquiries and handling all business matter , especially from the outside environment. The chief engineer will head a department; his work will include building airplanes and looking in ways of adopting the modern technology in manufacturing the airplanes. I will also be heavily involved in this department. The chief accountant will be responsible for the business revenues and expenditures and look for investment opportunities. She will as well be responsible for the business obligations as concerning remittances to the government (taxes).

Main Material Input and Output Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Main Material Input and Output - Essay Example As well, this paper names and discusses three potential P2 opportunities for the industry. In the metallurgical industry particles are emitted in production that â€Å"†¦may contain lead, mercury, and other heavy metals† (Cheremisinoff, 2001, 33). For example, coke production involves volatile components. In the US, in the iron and steel industry, coke is used in what is termed the byproduct coke process, that is, byproduct coke ovens are used and the high heat releases comppounds such as benzene, butane, hydrogen cyanide, and propane. The P2 opportunity that this presents is by use of the Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Standard will help in the reduction of charging and leaking emissions by some two-thirds and bypass/bleeder stacks by ninty-eight percent (Marsosudiro, 2014, 2-3). Another potential P2 opportunity is also in the use of ironmaking technology, that is, direct reduction ironmaking (DRI) as well as pulverized coal injection (PCI). These two proce sses can reduce the use of coal in ironmaking (Marsosudiro, 2014, 5). Other processes that can assist in pollution prevention are natural gas injection, which can replace up to 25% of coal use, as well as oil injection (Marsosudiro, 2014, 6). Marsosudiro, P. (2014). Pollution Prevention in the Integrated Iron and Steel Industry and its Potential Role in MACT Standards Development . Retrieved from P2 Infohouse: A Comprehensive Pollution Prevention Reference Collection:

Aristotle eudaimonia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aristotle eudaimonia - Essay Example p practicing the good things, which may entail seeking to excel in one’s career, having good friends and also eating well and staying healthy (Aristotle, 2004). In this respect, Aristotle eudaimonia is an objective kind of happiness or satisfaction that arises out of an individual pursuing the good deeds in life, which in turn enables the individual to achieve the states of good human spirit and satisfaction (Aristotle, 2004). This can simply be interpreted to mean that happiness or satisfaction according to Aristotle eudaimonia is a two-directional approach, which entails both an inward and outward pursuit of goodness. The inward pursuit of goodness entails doing the things that keeps a human being at peace and in a state of satisfaction, such as contentment with the status of his/her work. On the other hand, the outward direction of pursuing goodness entails being generous to others, since altruism is a source of happiness and contentment. Therefore, the concept of Aristotle eudaimonia can simply be summarized as referring to doing good and living well, which in returns derives a feeling of contentment for an individual (Aristotle, 2004). Mean is a concept that has been applied in Aristotle eudaimonia, to refer to the state of balance, which does not entail any of the extremes of excess pleasure on the one hand and excess deficiency or suffering on the other hand (Aristotle, 2004). Thus, the requirement for something to be considered the greatest good is that it should not constitute extreme pleasure that may eventually make a person fail to pursue excellence, and it should not be too much deficient as to make the person feel discontentment (Aristotle, 2004). The achievement of the greatest good therefore means that self-development is pursued as a means of arriving at the state of the individual’s best potential on the hand, and then the pursuit of the most human attitude and attributes for serving others, on the other hand. Through this attempt to perfect

Black History Disputed Elections in American History Essay

Black History Disputed Elections in American History - Essay Example Nonetheless, some stand out as the ultimate mark of controversy and even legal dispute. With emphasis on electoral discrimination against the African Americans, this paper focuses on the disputed and controversial 1960 and 2004 elections. Despite the serious accusations concerning the 1960 elections, unanimity on the event among historians and experts does not exist. Indeed, most experts and historians tend to support both sides of the claim, but a closer analysis of the data and facts tend to disagree with the viewpoint. Despite the failure of the Republican Party to prove fraud in the elections does not necessarily mean that the election was clean. Despite all the efforts, the issue remains unsolved. Interestingly, the legend leaves out that multiple election boards did not consider overturning the election results, nor federal judges and a special prosecutor from Illinois. Furthermore, numerous academic inquiries concerning the Illinois case conclude that the evident fraud was not substantial enough to challenge the election results (Campbell 87). However, some level of fraud occurred in Cook County. Three people were incarcerated on election-related offences and more than 670 indicted and then acquitted by Judge Karns. Most of the allegations presented involved practices undetectable by a mere recount. According to an article on the issue, nobody clearly knew the winner of the election, and despite the claim by Kennedy that he had won the election, his father cautioned on the vote count in Cook County. Apparently, the close win by Kennedy over Nixon has been a long, contentious debate, with accusations of the former receiving assistance from his father’s mob connections, the powerful Chicago Mayor Daley, and Lyndon Johnson’s connections. In essence, there is no clear evidence that Nixon won both Illinois and Texas, which he had to in order to win the Electoral College Vote, but there was massive voter fraud on behalf of Kennedy in

Comprehensive planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comprehensive planning - Assignment Example These are some of the items that bring abut controversy in the agendas of local government. With their widespread significance and usage, it is surprising to see that plans are hardly evaluated against standards of best practice. Despite the centrality in plan making about land use, to the regional and city planning profession, there is a knowledge gap in relation to the quality of produced plans. This may be because of the complexity of the plan’s nature, as well as future orientation which bring together issues, factors, and aspirations from many sources to focus on long term outcomes. The gap is also as a result of unsystematic result integration and lack of evaluation because of the perception that they involve a lot of art, which defy rational analysis. Assessment of Plan Quality New York New York is a metropolitan city that consists of a society that is performance oriented. In such a city, people should be able to judge if their development plans achieve their goals, an d how well the planning process has been conducted. The plan by Robert Moses shaped New York City by providing freeways, parks and bridges systems (Ballon & Jackson, 2007; Caro, 1974). The aims of a profession like regional and city planning include enforcing high practice standards. Good practitioners reflect on their work’s quality and their experience so that they can learn (Meck, 2002). In New York, land use plans help the public to develop sustainable communities that value environmental, social, and economic values balance (Godschalk and Kaiser, 1995). These are the main subject matter elements of the plan, together with guiding land use in the future into configurations that are desirable. It also aims at assisting communities in addressing threats and opportunities, so as to make the best choice among policy alternatives. This planning presentation is clear in its organization. New York land use plan reaches the full planning power because stake holders are educated a bout options and issues, thus helping them to build consensus about visions of the community, thus mediating conflict between change and stability. The community’s participation in the process has helped its citizens in educating their future leaders and networks to resiliently respond to stresses like disasters. New York City Plan also gives the community periodic updates where the community gets an opportunity to assess the progress of their goals, and change in conditions that are important. According to Berke, Godschalk and Kaiser (2006), a good plan has a wide range of power to influence life quality, environmental justice, disaster resistance, economic opportunity, infrastructure costs, transportation efficiency and other aspects that affect community life. The New York plan is very comprehensive in taking into account all these issues. It is community oriented, besides allowing community participation. On the other hand, it fits well into Godschalk and Kaiser Developme nt plan. It was systematically evaluated, to specifically identify the strengths and weaknesses, thus determining its overall quality through democratic determination of instruments and visions. This provided a basis that ensured that it attained

Project management as imperative for business organization Essay

Project management as imperative for business organization - Essay Example Project management has been depicted as a finely developed and a well recognized and accepted domain of professional expertise and as a sphere for academic study geared at promoting improvements in a system (White and Fortune, 2002). It likewise presents a logical and an efficient methodology to all phases of a project by ascertaining that every move and every step is meticulously conceptualized, supervised, monitored and accounted for. At the outset, its application was intended for big organizations with intricate systems and processes; however, contemporary techniques of project management can be modified and tailored to suit the needs of the smaller firms (Baccarini, 1999). In essence, project management is not just a process or a method; it is really more of a "mindset," thus, it is imperative for business organization owners or those in the higher echelon of firm management to be receptive to its potentials toward progress before it can be initiated as a constructive and a valuable process within the organization. Definition/Principles As a concept, project management has been in existence for centuries with its casual use of the Chinese and Egyptians that led to remarkable undertakings like the Great Wall of China and the Pyramids. Nonetheless, as a contemporary phenomenon, it has gained so much attention, focus and acceptance in the Information Technology industry as rapid developments continue to flow (Fox 2004). In a treatise centering on the significant components of effective project management, it has been inferred that - "In any project situation, there is a client/customer who has a unique need which requires knowledge and resources to conduct the realization of the concept within the specific constraints of time, money and specification. The effective management processes of planning, monitoring and control are required to translate the idea of change into tangible deliverables" (Cicmil, 1997). As it is, project management is a novel process whose implementation has become a great necessity in today's competitive market. To endeavor the completion of any project entails several elements and obstructions, among them are client special requirements, project complexity, organizational restructuring and project risks (Kerzner, 2003). With a methodical procedure in place, obstructions can be explained and courses of actions and suitable measures can be taken to either prevent or overcome them. Some of the many potential benefits project management provides include (Kerzner 2003): Identification of functional responsibilities ensuring that all activities are accounted for; Identification of time limits for scheduling; Measurement of accomplishment against plans; Early identification of problems; and Improved estimating capability PMI (2000) supplied a straightforward description and characterization of the term which depicts it as "the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project requirements." As the concept of project management surfaces, three core stimuli are involved (Baccarini, 1999): 1. Complexity - refers to the mounting intricacies of responsibilities and the necessity for higher levels in the spheres of expertise 2. Change - deals with progressively active settings and the continuous presence of pressure within organizations and the execution of change due to global competition 3. Time - refers to the demands for responsibilities, assignments and objectives to be